Coagulation and flocculation process in water treatment pdf

Coagulation and flocculation prepared by husam alnajar the islamic university of gaza environmental engineering department water treatment eenv 4331 colour in water. Jan 10, 2017 many water treatment plants use a combination of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection to provide clean, safe drinking water to the public. Apr 03, 2018 what is coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. But the phenomena are also wellknown from everyday life especially coagulation. So treatment involving coagulation and flocculation is typical of surface water. The process is effective for removal of particles, suspended solids and also organic matters5. Flocculation flocculation is the next step in most treatment plants inline filtration plants being the exception. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment process. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1. During the coagulation process, coagulants are added to the water to aid in floc formation. These particles gather together to form larger particles in the flocculation process.

Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. Key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Its a preference in the primary purification its a preference in the primary purification processes due to its simplicity operation, efficient and cheap. Flocculation is the snowballing of sm all particles into larger particles called floc. Coagulation and flocculation are used to remove colour, turbidity, algae and other microorganisms from surface waters. Flocculation flocculation is the next step in most. Coagulationflocculation sswm find tools for sustainable.

Coagulationflocculation process for produced water. A very important step in water and in wastewater treatment is the coagulation flocculation process, which is widely used, due to its simplicity and costeffectiveness. In fact, it was in use by the egyptians as early as 2,000 b. Coagulation is a process used to neutralise charges and form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass. Based on the existing literature, coagulation process. Evaluation and optimization of the coagulation rapid mixing step of the water treatment process includes a variety of aspects. Flocculation and sedimentation are widely employed in the purification of drinking water as well as in sewage treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of industrial wastewater streams. If this type of water flows into a sand filter, the filter will soon block and stop working. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. Dec 11, 2012 water treatment coagulation flocculation basics duration.

Evaluation and optimization of the coagulationrapid mixing step of the water treatment process includes a variety of aspects. In water treatment, coagulation flocculation involves the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fines into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. The process of consolidation of colloidal particles by neutralizing the charges with a coagulant, so that they can remove from the treated water by sedimentation or filtration is called coagulation. This is a well proven technology for the significant removal of colour and particulate matter including protozoa eg, cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. Because of this, the sedimentation step is usually preceded by a chemical process known as coagulation. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. Suspended particles cannot be removed completely by plain settling. In addition to removing turbidity from the water, coagulation and flocculation process removes many bacteria which are suspended in the water and can be used to.

Thoroughly revised and updated this new edition has been progressively modified and increased in scope to cater for the requirements of. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. Water treatment coagulation flocculation basics youtube. Flocculation or floculation is a significant process widely utilized in water treatment operations, including purification of drinking water, sewage water treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of various other industrial wastewater streams. It is a timedependent process that directly affects clarification efficiency by providing.

Later the romans used the coagulation process in water treatment, as did the english in the 18th century. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Coagulationflocculation is a chemical water treatment technique typically applied prior to sedimentation and filtration e. Electrocoagulation process, electrocoagulation with daf, dissolved air floatation daf. The objectives of the study were, to compare the effectiveness of different coagulants, to determine. Water treatment coagulation flocculation basics duration. Pdf all waters, especially surface waters, contain both dissolved and suspended particles. The removal of pollutants by the aid of coagulation is a promising process, but the use of conventional coagulants may not be so admirable because of the chemical costs. Under these circumstances, the idea of using sludge generated from water treatment plants wtps may be favorable. Addition of positively charged particles in the coagulation process is aimed to destabilizing the colloids. Coagulationflocculation process for dye removal using.

Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation chemical treatment typically is applied prior to sedimentation and filtration to enhance the ability of a treatment process to remove particles. Apart from water and wastewater treatment, the coagulationflocculation process is used in diverse disciplines e. Coagulation and rapid mixing coagulation is the process by which particles become destabilized and begin to clump together. Flocculation flocculation is the next step in most treatment. It is a commonly used physicochemical method in the treatment of metal bearing industrial.

Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. The optimum ph for the coagulation and flocculation process must be determined experimentally. It is a vital part for drinking water and wastewater treatment. Flocculation goes hand in hand with coagulation in wastewater. Coagulation and flocculation part 1 overview of the process. Coagulation and flocculation are wellknown techniques within wastewater treatment.

One of the challenges for any water or municipal wastewater treatment plant is being able to remove the vast majority of waste particles from the water, quickly and efficiently. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. A very important step in water and in wastewater treatment is the coagulationflocculation process, which is widely used, due to its simplicity and costeffectiveness. In the coagulation process, chemicals are added which will initially cause the particles to become destabilized and clump together. It was found that over 98% of color removal could be achieved using this combined process 4. Pdf coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater.

Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical. Flocculation agents are natural synthetic polymers and synthetic organic polymers used to form the. Coagulation flocculation is a chemical water treatment technique typically applied prior to sedimentation and filtration e. Mar 04, 2017 the process of consolidation of colloidal particles by neutralizing the charges with a coagulant, so that they can remove from the treated water by sedimentation or filtration is called coagulation. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. The suspended particles vary considerably in source, composition charge, particle size. Location in the treatment plant after the source water has been screened and has passed through the optional steps of prechlorination and aeration, it is ready for coagulation and flocculation. Coagulants are the chemicals that are used to removes tiny particles in water. Flocculation is a water treatment process following coagulation, which uses gentle stirring to bring the suspended particles together so they will form larger more settleable clumps called floc. Many water treatment plants use a combination of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection to provide clean, safe drinking water to the public. Most water treatment practices including coagulation, flocculation and clarification, date back hundreds and in some cases thousands of years. As a result, they stay dispersed and dissolved or coagulation process colloidal in the water.

Topics of discussion the place of flocculation within a water treatment process the use of coagulation and flocculation in the water industry softening separation of flocs by settling and flotation 042716 water treatment 35 36. They are typically used for treatment of wastewater containing colloids suspended particles and metal ions. The aim of this paper is to provide an overall description of coagulationflocculation process and its applications in water and wastewater treatment. It is specific to each application and is dependent upon the sample, the coagulation and flocculation agents used, the desired clarity of the water, and the waters end use. Earthen jars used to store water it is good to keep water in copper vessels, to expose it to sunlight and.

Westerhoff disadvantages it is effective only at certain ph range good flocculation. Coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation subject areas environmental systems, chemistry associated unit drinking water treatment process lesson title drinking water treatment. Coagulation, flocculation and settlement in coagulation, a liquid coaguo ooooo ooo oooo lant, such as aluminium sulfate, is added to the water to attract suspended particles. The paper identify and explain three of the most commonly use processes of enhancing the quality and purity of water treatment namely aeration which is the process that provides oxygen from the atmosphere to effect beneficial changes in the raw water. The aim of this paper is to provide an overall description of coagulation flocculation process and its applications in water and wastewater treatment. Coagulation is an essential component in water treatment operations. Filtration published in 1996 and will be followed by manuals on disinfection. This occurs when a coagulant is added to water to destabilise colloidal suspensions. Associated unit drinking water treatment process lesson title drinking water treatment. Yet coagulation water treatment is far from being a new process. The floc is subsequently removed in most cases by sedimentation. Sedimentation flocculation coagulation coagulation and flocculation coagulation and flocculationconsist of adding a flocforming chemical reagent to a water to enmesh or combine with nonsettleable colloidal solids and slowsettling suspended solids to produce a rapidsettling floc. Coagulation is one of the physicochemical methods most widely used in water treatment for purification of urban and industrial wastewater.

Operating within the optimum parameters will reduce the cost of treatment and will increase the quality of the water. A chemical process that involves a neutralising charge on the particles. Coagulation and flocculation can achieve the effective removal of suspended particles. Most water treatment practices including coagulation, flocculation and clarification, date. Dec 10, 2017 key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. The addition of a chemical coagulant to the water causes the formation of a precipitate, or floc, which entraps these impurities. Though often used interchangeably with coagulation, it is in fact a distinct process that. Under these circumstances, the idea of using sludge generated from water treatment plants wtps may be.

Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Treatment of food processing industry wastewater by a. Iron and aluminium can also be removed under suitable conditions. Advanced treatment of laundry wastewater with coagulation. The coagulation flocculation process can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like filtration and sedimentation. Apr 27, 2016 topics of discussion the place of flocculation within a water treatment process the use of coagulation and flocculation in the water industry softening separation of flocs by settling and flotation 042716 water treatment 35 36. Flocculation is the binding or physical enmeshment of these destabilized particles, and results in a slime that is heavier than water, which settles out in a clarifier. Among all the treatment method, the coagulationflocculation process is one of the oldest treatment methods and essential for most of the water and wastewater treatment. The primary purpose of the coagulation and flocculation is to destabilize the charged colloidal particles in water and make them to settle so as to remove turbidity from the water.

A wide range of wastewater treatment techniques having some associated. Water supply system water supply system coagulation and flocculation. Prospects and challenges of using coagulationflocculation. Pdf aeration, coagulation and flocculation processes in. Worldwide, a combination of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration is the most widely applied water treatment technology, and has been used since the early 20th century.

Coagulationflocculation process and sludge conditioning in. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of. Coagulation water treatment process hard and soft water. Coagulation is a process used to neutralise charges and form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be. Where criteria and procedures are published by the. Flocculation,flocculation process,uses of flocculation process. Attempts were made in this study to examine the effectiveness of coagulation and flocculation process using ferric chloride and polyelectrolyte nonionic polyacrylamide for the treatment of beverage industrial wastewater. The three processes are used together to make the water clean. Typical treatment processes consist of grates, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, granular filtration and disinfection. Coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater treatment. What is coagulation and flocculation in wastewater treatment. Coagulation is a process to neutralize charges and then to. The coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment processes can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like.

Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge. The coagulation and flocculation process in three steps destabilization, aggregation and precipitation. Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. Study on the factors affecting coagulation and flocculation.

Large, heavy particles settle out readily, but smaller and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some cases do not settle at all. The paper identify and explain three of the most commonly use processes of enhancing the quality and purity of water treatment namely aeration which is the process. Coagulationflocculation process and sludge conditioning. Flocculation and sedimentation are widely employed in the purification of drinking water as well as in sewage treatment, stormwater treatment and treatment of industrial wastewater streams. These flocs are precipitates in water, wherein small par ticles are. Coagulationflocculation process for dye removal using sludge. The water is then gently stirred to allow the particles to come together and form larger particles flocculation, which can then be. Written by aos treatment solutions on april 3, 2018.